Whakapapakainga: A template of cross-generational development for marae-communities

Through case study research in Northland, New Zealand, this thesis investigates the future of papakainga (kin-community settlements) and their marae (ancestral centres of tribal identity). It uses interviews with elders, a Māori land trust; a questionnaire with community descendants (local and non-local), archival research, and reflexive ethnography. The key finding of this research investigation is that papak?inga development should innovate within central needs - energy, housing and food - that restore economy around papakainga and reactivate functional kinship links between community members. Doctor of Philosophy in Māori Studies, University of Otago