Denitrification in Shallow groundwaters - an ecosystem service or a pollution swap

Our observations highlight the influence of different hydrogeological settings on spatial variability of partial or complete (benign) denitrification in shallow groundwaters. A better understanding and quantification of spatial and temporal variability of subsurface denitrification process will help inform, design and formulation of targeted and effective management measures for sustainable agricultural production while protecting soil, water and air quality.