Quality assessment of New Zealand mānuka honey using hyperspectral imaging combined with deep learning

<ul> <li>New Zealand mānuka honey contains antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activities corresponding to MGO and Leptosperin, giving it value over traditional honeys.</li> <li>Quality is measured by UMF^TM while purity depends on <em>Leptospermum scoparium</em> nectar content.</li> <li>Mono-floral is more valuable than multi-floral honey and value decreases when manuka honey is diluted with honeys from other nectar sources.</li> <li>Honey varies between and across all of regions, sites, apiaries, beehives and honey frames.</li> <li>Dilution may be by bee or by man. During extraction, rich and lean frames are lumped together.</li> <li>Quality assessment of honey in-frame could help prevent mixing of rich honey with lean.</li> <li>Current chromatography-based methods are too slow and expensive to evaluate frame by frame.</li> </ul><p></p>