Effect of Plasma activated water on Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhimurium

The emerging risk of chemical-based disinfectant resistance in bacteria has created the need for alternative technologies such as non-thermal plasma systems (NTP). Plasma-activated water (PAW) is generated by treating water with cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) using controllable parameters such as plasma-forming voltage, carrier gas, temperature, pulses, or frequency as required. Plasma has been recognized as the fourth state of matter and has received significant attention from researchers over the last decade due to its non-thermal and non-toxic mode of action, which is mainly due to the reactive species (including but not limited to) of H₂ O₂, NO₂- and NO₃-that could react with bacterial structural components and later organelles, leading to death.