Mice find endophyte-infected seed of tall fescue unpalatable - implications for the aviation industry

Bird strike is a significant problem for the aviation industry, caused in part by the attractiveness of the grass surrounding airports to birds. Endophyte-infected grasses such as Avanex® have been shown to reduce bird populations at airports through the production of secondary metabolites. These metabolites are unpalatable to herbivorous, omnivorous and granivorous birds and are known to reduce insect densities thereby making the sown areas less attractive to insectivorous birds. Raptors also provide a bird strike threat which could be reduced by controlling mouse populations around airports. In this study the effect of endophyte-infected seed on mouse feeding behaviour has been investigated. By performing a choice trial offering diets containing endophyte-infected and endophyte-free tall fescue seed it was shown that endophyte-infected seed was less palatable to mice (P < 0.001 in a 14 day trial). Furthermore, when diet positions were reversed, mouse feeding behaviour was modified to again select endophyte-free material (P < 0.001 over a further 14 days). This result shows that endophyte-infected grasses could not only be used in the control of bird populations but they also have the potential to control mouse populations which in turn would decrease the number of raptors. This use of endophyte-infected grasses in areas surrounding airport runways shows great promise for the aviation industry.