Identification of a gene involved in the regulation of hyphal growth of Epichloë festucae during symbiosis.

Secreted proteins, and those involved in cell wall biogenesis, are likely to play a role in communication in the symbiotic interaction between the fungal endophyte Epichloë festucae with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), particularly given the close association between fungal hyphae and the plant cell wall. Our hypothesis was that secreted proteins are likely to be responsible for establishing and maintaining a normal symbiotic relationship. We analysed an endophyte EST database for genes with predicted signal peptide sequences. Here we report the identification and characterisation of rhgA; a gene involved in the regulation of hyphal growth in planta. In planta analysis of ΔrhgA mutants showed that disruption of rhgA resulted in extensive unregulated hyphal growth. This phenotype was fully complemented by insertion of the rhgA gene and suggests that the rhgA gene is important for maintaining normal hyphal growth during symbiosis.