The Pacific response to invasion of the coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB) (Oryctes rhinoceros) in the Western Pacific islands

In 2007 an unusual beetle was found in a swimming pool in Guam. It was identified as coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB) (Oryctes rhinoceros) and rapidly spread around Guam causing heavy damage to coconut palms. Genetic analysis showed that the beetle belonged to a new variant of the beetle (CRB-G, Clade I^a) related to those that have been found in other recent highly damaging outbreaks in Papua New Guinea (PNG), Hawaii, Solomon Islands (SI), and Vanuatu. An emergency response was called for by CRB scientists and stakeholders from the affected countries and supported by MFAT New Zealand. The Pacific Response to CRB-G aims to contain and control the new variant of CRB to reduce damage and support the livelihoods of Pacific islanders. Initial steps have been to work with local partners with links to industry and communities to define the problem and organise response. The invasive variant is now well established on PNG, SI and Vanuatu, causing heavy damage and, in all cases, has arrived without the biocontrol Oryctes nudivirus. An awareness programme has alerted communities to the danger and led to prompt reporting of fresh outbreaks and advice to prevent spread and clean-up breeding sites. The variant appears resistant to the traditionally used strains of the biocontrol virus. New strains of the virus are being sought and tested and alternatives, like the biocontrol fungus Metarhizium majus, being tested in the field. Local communities are involved for improved surveillance and selection of appropriate controls for implementation in local conditions. A coordinated response is necessary to contain the pest, dampen the impact and prevent the spread to vulnerable communities reliant on coconuts throughout the Pacific islands.