The estimated greenhouse gas emissions from different types of housed/restricted-grazing systems used during the winter in Southland and Waikato, New Zealand

Chapter 7 reviewed published dairy farm system research on the effects of different management practices (from grazing through to housing) on total GHG emissions (carbon footprint of milk) using life cycle assessment (LCA). This chapter presents detailed case studies on the carbon footprint of milk, comparing the effects of different farm system scenarios in winter involving grazing, stand-off pads or housing systems in two contrasting regions of New Zealand (Waikato and Southland).