Proteomics in wool and fibre research

Wool is almost entirely composed of proteins, the major component of which are the keratins and the keratin associated proteins (KAPs). Though they were first identified in 1934 it is only comparatively that they have been subject to study using modern proteomic techniques. Using a variety of approaches both gel- and gel-free proteomics many new keratins and KAPs have been identified and characterised in the mature fibre and its various subcomponents as well as through the various stages of keratinisation of wool follicle. Preliminary studies have also revealed distinctive differences both within and between breeds. Proteomic approaches have also allowed investigations to be extended into examining the effect of feed restriction on protein composition as well as modifications to the proteins caused by either environmental or process damage.