Entomopathogenic bacteria: mass production, formulation and quality control

Bacterial products are the most widely used form of biopesticides with their use dominated by Bacillus thuringiensis for agricultural pest and public health pest control. Most bacterial biopesticides are produced by large-scale liquid fermentation, although in vivo production and solid substrate fermentation have been used for particular niche products. Once fermentation has been completed, bacteria are concentrated and formulated into products, which must have stability in storage and be amenable to broad-scale application. Quality control is needed throughout the production process to ensure a consistent end product. Bacterial biopesticides have been produced in dry formulations, such as wettable powders and granules, as well as in liquid concentrates to meet specific market needs.