Drought, omics, and genetic resources

Germplasm with increased drought resistance may include traditional species containing new genetic variation as well as alternative species for agricultural systems under changing climatic conditions. The ability to phenotype large numbers of populations for multiple traits, or identify germplasm with relevant combinations of traits, would greatly increase the ability to explore genetic diversity for complex traits such as drought resistance. High throughput phenotyping facilities and tools enable measurement of both root and shoot traits, over time, and under varying soil conditions. Below ground, plant root systems provide access to soil water, and root traits are major targets for germplasm development in a wide range of agricultural and horticultural species. However, measurement of some physiological traits, including the components of photosynthesis (net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance) and leaf water potential, requires constant environmental conditions which restricts measurements to a relatively narrow window of time, particularly in the field.