Adaptations of fungi and fungal-like organisms for growth under reduced dissolved oxygen concentrations

This chapter provides an overview on the diversity, metabolism, and ecological roles of fungi and fungal-like organisms that have adapted to host-associated as well as nonhost-associated anoxic environments. It focuses on true fungi and fungal-like organisms in the Opisthokont supergroup and in fungal-like organisms in the Oomycota (Rhizaria+Alveolates+Stramenopiles supergroup) and does not consider the protists in the other supergroups as defined by Baldauf (2003, 2008). In particular, the important ecological roles of these organisms are discussed.